Kumite, which means “meeting hand” in Japanese, is an essential part of karate training. This is the combat aspect of the discipline, enabling practitioners to test and refine the techniques they have learned in real or simulated situations. There are different types of Kumite, each with a particular importance in the development of the karateka’s skills.
1. Kihon Kumite
Kihon Kumite is the most basic form of Kumite. These are pre-arranged exercises in which each participant’s movements and techniques are defined in advance. This type of Kumite allows beginners to learn the basics of engaging in combat, focusing on timing, distance and precision. It also teaches practitioners how to correctly execute blocking, striking and movement techniques in a confrontational context.
2. Yakusoku Kumite
Yakusoku Kumite, or “Promised Kumite”, is a predetermined form of combat in which the movements of both participants are agreed in advance. It’s a step forward from Kihon Kumite, as it introduces a greater variety of techniques and movement sequences. Yakusoku Kumite helps karatekas develop their skills in reacting and adapting to different combat situations.
3. Jiyu Kumite
Jiyu Kumite, or “Free Kumite”, is the closest thing to a real karate fight. In this form of Kumite, karatekas are free to use any technique to attack or defend, making the confrontation more unpredictable and stimulating. Jiyu Kumite develops adaptability, initiative, quick decision-making and fighting spirit. It is also the form of Kumite most commonly used in karate competitions.
4. Gohon Kumite and Sanbon Kumite
Gohon Kumite (five stages of combat) and Sanbon Kumite (three stages of combat) are pre-arranged forms of Kumite that involve a series of five or three attacks and defenses, respectively. These types of Kumite help develop endurance, timing, coordination and technical mastery.
5. Ippon Kumite
Ippon Kumite (one-step fighting) is a form of Kumite in which a single attack is followed by a single defense. This type of Kumite allows you to concentrate on the precision, power and efficiency of a technique.
Importance of Kumite
Kumite is crucial to the karateka’s development, as it enables the techniques learned in Kihon and Kata to be applied and perfected in a confrontational context. Kumite also develops essential skills such as timing, distance, speed, reactivity, strategy and fighting spirit. In addition, he teaches practitioners the importance of respect, integrity and self-control, which are at the heart of the karate philosophy.